The History of the Green Movement

The History of the Green Movement In spite of the fact that the preservation development had European roots, numerous eyewitnesses keep up that the United States has risen as the universes chief in environmentalism. In the event that America does, truth be told, merit credit for driving the green development, what made the United States such a pot for environmentalism? Its halfway because of the workers who went toward the North American landmass in the pilgrim period and mostly to the characteristic excellence of the land they found when they crossed the Atlantic. The Early Years of the Green Movement America, obviously, didnt create the green development anything else than it designed trees. The fundamental standards of feasible ranger service the executives, for instance, were known all through Europe (particularly Germany, France and England) since the medieval period. Cultivating people group in Asia rehearsed soil preservation through porch cultivating and other supportable horticultural practices. English author Thomas Malthus, in his oft-cited An Essay on the Principle of Population, frightened quite a bit of eighteenth century Europe by suggesting that an expansion in human populace past feasible cutoff points would bring about a calamitous dive in populace because of starvation and additionally illness. Malthus compositions would educate much regarding the alert over the populace blast around 200 years after the fact. Be that as it may, it was after the colonization of the Americas by Europeans that essayists and savants were among the first to suggest that wild had a natural incentive past its value to people. While fisheries, chasing grounds, and lumber stands were imperative to human advancement, visionaries like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau recommended that in ferocity is the conservation of the world (Thoreau). Their conviction that nature has a profound component that rises above human utility gave these men and their supporters the mark Transcendentalists. The Green Movement and the Industrial Revolution The introspective philosophy of the mid 1800s and its festival of the characteristic world showed up in the nick of time to be stomped all over by the attacks of the Industrial Revolution. As woodlands vanished under the hatchet of foolish lumber aristocrats, coal turned into a famous wellspring of vitality. Free utilization of coal in homes and production lines brought about terrible air contamination in urban areas like London, Philadelphia, and Paris. During the 1850s, a jamboree shill named George Gale found out about a monstrous California redwood that was more than 600 years of age when Jesus was conceived. After observing the brilliant tree, nicknamed The Mother of the Forest, Gale employed men to chop the tree down so its bark could be shown in his sideshow. The response to Gales stunt, be that as it may, was quick and monstrous: To our psyche, it appears to be a pitiless thought, an ideal befouling, to chop down such a breathtaking tree ... what on the planet could have had any human to leave in such a hypothesis with this pile of wood?, kept in touch with one manager. The developing acknowledgment that human industry was destroying crucial wild and jeopardizing human wellbeing brought about the soonest endeavors at overseeing normal assets. In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was made, the first of what got one of Americas best thoughts: a system of national stops that were carefully beyond reach to misuse. The Conservation Movement Takes Root As the Industrial Revolution kept on unleashing devastation on wild, a developing ensemble of voices sounded the alert. Among them were John Muir, a visionary artist of the American West and its awesome excellence, and Theodore Roosevelt, a devoted reformer whom Muir persuaded to save immense tracts of wild for preservation. Other men, be that as it may, had various thoughts regarding the estimation of wild. Gifford Pinchot, who considered ranger service in Europe and turned into a promoter for oversaw ranger service, was previously a partner of Muir and others in the protection development. As Pinchot kept on handling the away from of virgin timberlands with persuasive lumber aristocrats, be that as it may, he become undesirable with the individuals who had faith in the significance of saving nature, paying little heed to its business employments. Muir was among the individuals who denounced Pinchots the board of wild zones, and it is Muirs enthusiasm for protection rather than preservation that offered ascend to what might be Muirs most noteworthy heritage. In 1892, Muir and others made the Sierra Club, to accomplish something for ferocity and make the mountains happy. The Modern Green Movement Begins In the twentieth century, the protection development was dominated by occasions like the Great Depression and two universal wars. Simply after World War II finished and the fast change of North America from a rural society to a mechanical one was well in progress did the cutting edge natural development start. Americas after war industrialization continued dangerously fast. The outcomes, while astonishing in their broadness, frightened numerous with the devastation they unleashed. Atomic aftermath from nuclear tests, air contamination brought about by a great many vehicles and industrial facilities heaving synthetic substances into the air, the pulverization of once-immaculate waterways and lakes (like Ohios Cuyahoga River, which broadly burst into flames because of contamination), and the vanishing of farmland and woodlands under rural advancements were a worry to numerous residents. Into this bedlam ventured a peaceful, contemplative researcher and author. Rachel Carson in 1962 distributed, a staggering contention against the foolish utilization of the pesticides that were clearing out populaces of winged creatures, bugs, and different creatures. The now-exemplary book offered voice to a large number of Americans who saw their rich common legacy vanishing directly before their eyes. Following the distribution of Silent Spring and books like Paul Erlichs The Population Bomb, Democratic Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson joined numerous different government officials in adding ecological assurance to their foundation. Indeed, even Republican Richard Nixon gained extensive ground toward joining ecological mindfulness into his organization. In addition to the fact that Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), he additionally marked the National Environmental Policy Act, or NEPA, which required ecological effect appraisals for all enormous scope government ventures. Furthermore, on Christmas Eve of 1968, NASA space traveler William Anders, while circling the moon with the Apollo 8 strategic, a photo that numerous individuals credit with giving an establishment to the cutting edge green development. His photograph shows a little, blue planet Earth looking into the great beyond of the Moon. (See over.) The picture of a little planet, alone in a huge expanse of room, demonstrated billions the delicacy of our planet and the significance of saving and ensuring Earth. The Environmental Movement and Earth Day Propelled by the fights and instruct ins that were happening worldwide all through the 1960s, Senator Gaylord Nelson proposed in 1969 that there be an across the nation grassroots showing in the interest of the earth. In Nelsons words, The reaction was electric. It took off like gangbusters. In this way was brought into the world the occasion presently known as Earth Day. On April 22, 1970, the primary festival of Earth Day occurred on a wonderful spring day, and the occasion was an enormous achievement. A huge number of Americans across the nation participated in marches, shows, talks and fairs gave to safeguarding the characteristic legacy of the United States and the whole world. In a discourse that day, Nelson expressed, Our objective is a domain of conventionality, quality, and shared regard for all other human animals and for every living animal. Earth Day is presently praised worldwide and has become a natural touchstone for two ages of eco-activists. The Environmental Movement Solidifies In the months and years following the main Earth Day and the making of the EPA, the green development, and ecological awareness were hardened into private and open establishments around the globe. Milestone natural enactment, similar to the Clean Water Act, the Federal Pesticides Act, the Clean Air Act, the Endangered Species Act, and the National Scenic Trails Acts, were marked into law. These government demonstrations joined numerous other state and neighborhood projects to ensure the earth. Be that as it may, all organizations have their depreciators, and the ecological development is no special case. As ecological enactment was executed across the nation, numerous in the business network found that natural enactment was negatively affecting the productivity of mining, ranger service, fisheries, fabricating and other extractive and dirtying ventures. In 1980, when Republican Ronald Reagan was chosen for the administration, the disassembling of natural protections started. By naming enemy of ecological crusaders like Interior Secretary James Watt and EPA Administrator Anne Gorsuch to office, Reagan and the whole Republican Party flagged their exposed scorn for the green development. Their prosperity was constrained, in any case, and both Watt and Gorsuch were so all around despised even by individuals from their own gathering that they were expelled from office in the wake of serving merely months. In any case, the fight lines had been drawn, and the business network and the Republican Party remain energetically contradicted to the natural securities that characterize a significant part of the green development. The Green Movement Today: Science versus Spiritualism In the same way as other social and political developments, the green development has been fortified and toughened by the powers that restrict it. After James Watt was selected to lead the Department of the Interior, for example, enrollment in the Sierra Club developed from 183,000 to 245,000 in only a year. Today, the green development is again characterized and excited by its order of issues like an Earth-wide temperature boost and environmental change, wetlands conservation, the Keyst

Interpretations of Slavery Essay -- Slavery Essays

Understandings of Slavery Presentation Subjection is referred to have existed as ahead of schedule as the eighteenth century B.C. during the Shang Dynasty of China. Subjugation was generally polished in numerous different nations, including, Korea, India, Greece, Mexico and Africa. (Britannica 288-89). At the point when a great many people think about servitude, be that as it may, they consider Western subjugation in North America since it is all around reported and it was such a frightful organization. Despite the fact that there is nobody meaning of bondage, the individuals who study it (history specialists, anthropologists and sociologists) concur that specific qualities are available in all types of subjugation. Slaves were property and items, not subjects of the law. Slaves had barely any rights, constantly less than their proprietors. Slave were additionally restricted to hardly any social exercises and were not permitted to partake in political choices. At long last, any profit aquired by slaves by law had a place with their lord. Additionally, slaves were kept from settling on their own decisions with respect to physical generation. Western subjection took every one of these slave qualities to another level and therefore there are numerous creators who expounded on the malicious establishment of bondage in the Colonies. American writing is brimming with writers who portray, approve or contradict subjugation, the most enlightening and powerful of whom were Black scholars on the grounds that many had the option to give an individual viewpoint on servitude. These Black journalists needed to battle to be acknowledged as scholarly essayists before they could communicate as the need should arise. The convention of dark writing in the United States is, from numerous points of view, a background marked by endeavors at abstract freedom from bigotry endeavors to express in an explicitly dark setting the trademark American subjects of opportunity and self-determ... ...d by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Penguin Group Publishing, New York, 1987. Costanzo, Angelo. Surprizing Narrative, Olaudah Equiano and the Beginnings of the Black Autobiography, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. Douglass, Frederick. Story of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Penguin Group Publishing, New York, 1987. Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African, Edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Penguin Group Publishing, New York, 1987. Hughes, Langston, Milton Meltzon. A Pictorial History of the Negro and America, New York: Crown, 1968. O'Neale Sondra. Olaudah Equiano, Dictionary of Literary Biography, American Writers of the Early Republic, ed. Emory Elliot. Vol 37. Princeton: Bruccoli, Clark and Layman Book, 1985. Bondage. The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 1995 ed.

12 Excellent Small Press Books to Check Out in May

12 Excellent Small Press Books to Check Out in May I have fifty tabs open with amazing-looking small press books and titles open right now with no idea how Im going to narrow this into a manageable number. Lets see how I do! 1. Body Horror: Capitalism, Fear, Misogyny, Jokes by Anne Elizabeth Moore (9 May 2017 from Curbside Splendor Publishing) Unspeakable acts are committed on women’s bodies under capitalismâ€"in entertainment, medicine, and due to the conditions of labor that drive our economy. In Body Horror, Moore explores the global toll of capitalism on women. *GRABBY HANDS* I need to read this yesterday. 2. Have Black Lives Ever Mattered? by Mumia Abu-Jamal (15 May 2017 from City Lights Publishers) In December 1981, Mumia Abu-Jamal was shot and beaten into unconsciousness by Philadelphia police. He awoke to find himself shackled to a hospital bed, accused of killing a cop. He was convicted and sentenced to death in a trial that Amnesty International has denounced as failing to meet the minimum standards of judicial fairness. In Have Black Lives Ever Mattered?, Mumia gives voice to the many people of color who have fallen to police bullets or racist abuse, and offers the post-Ferguson generation advice on how to address police abuse in the United States. This is important. 3. Miss Burma by Charmaine Craig (2 May 2017 from Grove Press) Based on the story of the author’s mother and grandparents, Miss Burma is a captivating portrait of how modern Burma came to be and of the ordinary people swept up in the struggle for self-determination and freedom. That equation is family + political turmoil + love = great story, yall. 4. Poorcraft: The Funnybook Fundamentals of Living Well on Less, written by C. Spike Trotman and drawn by Diana Nock (16 May 2017 from Iron Circus Comics) *GRABBY HANDS INTENSIFY* Im seeing on the publisher site that this is a revised edition with an extra 20 pages of content! Yay! And there is a DRM-free pdf version for FIVE DOLLARS. 5. Moving Forward Sideways Like A Crab by Shani Mootoo (2 May 2017 from Akashic Books) First, I RELATE SO HARD TO THAT TITLE, especially given that it is primarily centered on identity and parental issues/absent mothers. Short-listed for the Lambda Literary Award, Moving Forward tells the story of a man whose mother (one of two mothers) left when he was a boy. They reunite in adulthood, but Jonathan, the protagonist, finds out that the person he remembers as his mother Sid has been living as a man named Sydney in Trinidad (it is not clear to me whether he is transgender or gender fluid, having looked through some reviews). Though fiction, this book seems to draw quite a bit on Mootoos experience with immigration, queer identity, and family relationships. 6. So Pretty / Very Rotten: Comics and Essays on Lolita Fashion and Cute Culture by Jane Mai and An Nguyen (16 May 2017 from Koyama Press) I would not say I think about Lolita culture often. Im not fascinated by it, but it definitely piques my interest and I would like to learn more about it. Also, I love Jane Mai. (Im sure An Nguyen is also great, I am just not familiar with her work.) 7. Gravity Changes by Zach Powers (16 May 2017 from BOA Editions, Ltd) Gravity Changes is a collection of fantastical, off-beat stories that view the quotidian world through the lens of the absurd. Set in a surreal, fictional world that is populated by strange, fascinating characterschildren who defy gravity, a man who marries a light bulb, the Devil and his ex-wifethese stories take wide steps outside of reality, finding new ways to illuminate truth. YEP OKAY SIGN ME UP 8. Swimming With Fishes by Rasheda Ashanti Malcolm (25 May 2017 from Jacaranda Books) This is for my lovers of romance, yall. Set in rural Jamaica, Swimming With Fishes evokes the pain of a love affair between a London-born businessman and a native Jamaican and how that affair grows beyond either of their expectations. There are SECRETS which means dramatic irony which means edge-of-your-seat storytelling. 9. Large Animals: Stories by Jess Arndt (9 May 2017 from Catapult) Jess Arndt’s striking debut collection confronts what it means to have a body. Boldly straddling the line between the imagined and the real, the masculine and the feminine, the knowable and the impossible, these fourteen stories are an exhilarating expression of voice and deliver a profoundly original punch to the gut. So much of this book seems to lie in the spaces where people struggle to pin down their identities, or to rectify their identities with the shapes of their physical selves. Via Kirkus: A deeply transgressive, riveting shot out of the gate. Arndt is one to watch. 10. Witches, Sluts, Feminists: Conjuring the Sex Positive by Kristen J. Sollee (22 May 2017 from ThreeL Media) Archetypes of “witch” and “slut” have been used to police female sexuality and punish women; now, feminists are reclaiming them as positive affirmations. This book unearths the sex positive feminist legacy of the witch in art, music, politics, and popular culture, connecting the fictional witch we love to emulate and fear with real women, past and present. hnnnnngggg I want this book so much. 11. Atlantic Hotel by João Gilberto Noll, translated by Adam Morris (16 May 2017 from Two Lines Press) My very first thought reading the description was this sounds like something that fans of Haruki Murakami would dig a lot. Then I remembered that I am also a fan of Murakami and that I should probably read it, too. Crossing the wanderings of a flâneur with the menacing mystery of a hard-boiled noir, and always leaving the narrator’s identity in flux, Brazilian master João Gilberto Noll ponders how any of us come to possess a sense of whoâ€"or whatâ€"we are. 12. An Extraordinary Destiny by Shekhar Paleja (9 May 2017 from Brindle Glass) First: peep that cover art. I would like it in poster size. It’s 1947 in Lahore, and the Sharma family is forced to flee their home during the violence of the Partition of India. Forty years later, Varoon’s grown son, Anush, desperately tries to disentangle himself from his father’s demands, which are mired in grief and whiskey. Compounding the pressure is Anushs unusually auspicious kundaliâ€"a Vedic birth chartâ€"which threatens to suffocate Anush with lofty expectations. But when he meets Nasreen, Anush feels he may finally be experiencing the incredible fate foretold by the stars. Until his father threatens to block his chance at true happiness. What small press books have you read lately? Check out our small press coverage here.  

EMA 23 5 14 Essay - 1323 Words

How does society shape people’s lives? The aim of this essay is to explore how society shapes people’s lives. The meaning of the word â€Å"shaping† in this context means to â€Å"influence or affect† (The Open University, 2013, YO32 p 29). This essay will focus on Childhood: Body image and stress related eating disorders, from Block 4, Unit 3 and Psychology: Social influence, happiness and natural and synthetic happiness from Unit 5. Society has shaped us to embrace a rather different body image to that of 100 years ago to the point where being slim is now considered the norm (The Open University, 2013 Unit 3, 3.2). There has been a shift from the plumper body image seen in paintings dating back to the 19th century, to the ultra slim catwalk†¦show more content†¦The evidence suggests the Press may be partly to blame, and that society is ignoring a cry for help. Quoted in the Daily Telegraph (Jardine, 2013), Kate Moss said nothing tastes as good as skinny feels – comments like this add fuel to the argument. Worries about physical appearance lead to low self-esteem and a need to control weight, which may lead into a cycle of depression and a further loss of confidence (NIMH) (n.d.). Eating habits have changed significantly in the post war period (Young’s, 2004). Young’s points out that these changes in eating habits and the abundance of food now available, in part due to the role played by supermarkets, fast food outlets and the growth in international travel, could also be having a detrimental effect on body image. The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2004) reports 10% of children are overweight lending support to the argument that body image in the media may influence the young. Eating disorders such as AN and BN are attempts by young people to be in control of the way they look and are portrayed by society, which may influence their happiness. The influence of our social roles within society, whether in our work or home lives, will affect our happiness in our individual roles (The Open University, 2013 p47). Influences on happiness and unhappiness may include factors such as being in employment, strong family support, a goodShow MoreRelatedInterim Internship Report34088 Words   |  137 Pageswhich would be used for the technical analysis for the determination of entry points is as follows: TECHNICAL TOOL USED | TIME PERIOD | ANALYSIS TIME PERIOD | NO. 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Finally they ‘refreezed’, securing the new rules and practices by emphasising the satisfaction of the technical staff and neutralising the engineers’ power (with the rule-based engineering process, the recruitment procedure, the weakening of the EMA, etc.). Thus, although some like criticized Lewin’s theory as being to simplistic, as seen in Kanter et al. (1992, quoted in Burnes, 2004, p.88): â€Å"Lewin’s model was a simple one †¦ This †¦ is so wildly inappropriate that it is difficult to see why itRead MoreCeliac Disease8765 Words   |  36 PagesHispanic and AfricanAmerican populations have a lower prevalence of CD than non-Hispanic Caucasians. For example, a study in Colorado showed that the incidence of positive serology in Hispanic children was three times lower than in non-Hispanic Whites.5 African-Americans also represent a small number of patients currently diagnosed with CD. 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The (IAP’s) are ILS OR LOC/DME RWY 01, ILS RWY 01 (SA CAT I), ILS RWY 01(CAT II), RNAV (RNP) RWY 01, RNAV (RNP) RWY 19, RNAV (GPS) RWY 33, LDA/DME RWY 19, ROSSLYN LDA RWY 19, VOR/DME OR GPS RWY 15,Read MoreManagement of Change and Innovation - Case Study of Coastline Electrics, Uk2793 Words   |  12 PagesFinally they ‘refreezed , securing the new rules and practices by emphasising the satisfaction of the technical staff and neutralising the engineers power (with the rule-based engineering process, the recruitment procedure, the weakening of the E MA, etc.). Thus, although some like criticized Lewin s theory as being to simplistic, as seen in Kanter et al. 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The Fundamentals of Essay Topics on Identity Revealed

The Fundamentals of Essay Topics on Identity Revealed After reading, it is simple to write my paper and truly feel comfortable getting grades as large as you are able to imagine. When it is about yourself, attempt to spell out the special experience you've got. It is about to use, you may simply download it. The Do's and Don'ts of Essay Topics on Identity Another one is the mixture of credit. Being among the perfect dissertation writing services known on the present market is a very big thing. It's really simple to use together with self explanatory. It is preferable to make long-term business relationships with customers. Frankly, individuals are leery of totally free credit report offers. They come to your site for the free credit report. Our site features custom writing help and editing aid. Men and women will need to learn that credit isn't necessarily intuitive. In some instances, you might be asked to compose an essay about the cultural identity of another pers on or a fictional character. Regardless of what elements of your culture you've resolved to depict, you must always write about how they've influenced your life views, behavior, beliefs, etc.. Naturally, you won't always have an actual situation to discuss for every single topic sometimes you need to borrow ideas from different people or only apply your imagination. The exact same person in various states of dentities will experience a significant deviation in how he or she's treated. Mind there are several rules you should follow while making your election. Individuals may change their identities in some specific conditions, for example in the event of Anthony, acting the role of a middle class white man, but the shift isn't significant for any time period. The important problem is that we don't have the capability to bear in mind each expertise in our life consciously. Then give students the choice of discussing their choices. The Dirty Truth About Essay Topics on Identity At any time you catch yourself feeling captivated by an individu essay or article, take a good look at it. Make sure that you read the questions carefully and that you answer the particular question that's been asked. Although your opinions are important, they don't carry much weight if they're not referenced. If you still don't understand what essay topics to write about, take a look at this thought-provoking list there are lots of suggestions to consider and choose. Selecting the most appropriate topic is an essential step in constructing your dissertation. After choosing the topic and creating an outline, produce a title. Organize the ideas after selecting the subject. What Everybody Dislikes About Essay Topics on Identity and Why The use of the family, and the society, is essential in identifying yourself. DNA is unique to every individual. Pain at having to disguise true feelings so the family group wouldn't disapprove. Family identity consists of the traits an individual has inherited in addition to the part in their family they've been born into. Without people around, someone is not going to have an identity and there'll not be any demand for one. Without other people around, he will not have an identity and there will be no need for one. Therefore, if he can add his address, he is no longer unidentified. Even if there's a single person who considers him a president, he's a president to that individual. Top Essay Topics on Identity Secrets If you believe that nobody will read your private essay attentively because it's boring, you can't be more wrong. Keep in mind that whenever you are writing your paper there aren't any incorrect answers. To compose an outstanding essay, it's crucial to use specific academic language. Write down the most intriguing ideas on a distinct paper. Permit the cultural identity essay example give a general comprehension of how to compose this kind of paper. Reread your paper once more and assure your conclusion is connected to the thesis statement. Despite how a thesis statement ought to be limited to a sentence or two, it ought to be powerful. Bear in mind that a well-written thesis statement needs to be brief but informative. Culture plays an important part in shaping your identity. Identity can be explored in a lot of ways. Protecting against cyber crime became an increasingly more complex endeavor. Forming individuality is easily the most serious map of adolescence.

Liner Shipping Free Essays

AN INTRODUCTION TO LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS NATURE AND SCOPE OF LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS: LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPING THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICE TYPES OF LINER SERVICE OPERATORS THE IMPORTANCE NEED FOR LINER SERVICE LINER TRADE ROUTES A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPING:The spirit of enquiry – looking beyond the forests, mountains, deserts oceans. The era of explorations European expeditions Discovery of the Americas The Suez and Panama canals and other canals/waterways changed the course of shippingIndustrial Revolution Increase in trade Newer markets and opportunities Large-scale shipping lines only became widespread in the nineteenth century, after the development of the steamship in 1783. Great Britain was the center of development of the shipping line. We will write a custom essay sample on Liner Shipping or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1819 the first steamship crossing of the Atlantic Ocean took place. By 1833 shipping lines had begun to operate steamships between Britain and British Empire possessions such as India and Canada. Three major British shipping lines were founded in the 1830s: The British and American Steam Navigation Company.The Great Western Steamship Company The Peninsular Steam Navigation Company. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1. Evolution of Shipping as an industry that arose from man’s quest for seeking new frontiers and later on played a major role in world trade.2. Growth of markets from local to neighbouring settlements / villages / towns/cities/countries and continents across the oceans in the 18th century. Seafaring communities could be found all over the world, the Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Norwegians, the British, the Dutch, the Portuguese, the Chinese, the Indians and many more. 3. Discovery of new continents: The Americas and routes to various countries. The major man-made alterations in the geographic landscape that change the world. The Panama canal connected the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans while the Suez canal connected the Mediterranean sea in Europe and the Red Sea in Asia.4. Industrial Revolution and the invention of the steam engine caused a major shift in the way ships operated – wind powered to steam powered. The trade routes moved from being guided by wind and ocean currents to routes chartered by man to countries and continents around the globe. 5. The inter-dependence of people and their produce and the role of ship owners and merchants in the development of new markets overseas.6. The advent of Tramp and Liner Shipping Business as the demands of the merchants and trading community grew during the 19th and 20th to have regular service to destination of their choice that was dependable, reliable, fixed route and timeframe to meet the requirements of their overseas customer.Characteristics of Liner Shipping Tramp* vs Liner Shipping* Dictionary Meaning – vagrant, homeless, vagabondTramp service is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in large quantities to specified location, does not have a fixed schedule or tariff in the sense that the freight rates are negotiable per voyage, Whereas Liner Shipping is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in smaller quantities, that is unitized or break-bulk, on a specified route, operating with a regular schedule, to pre-advertised ports of call and fixed tariff.Types of Liner Service:   Break-bulk – lumber, wood-chips, liquids, grains, crude-oil, over dimension cargo. ? Container or cellular vessel – Containers Roll-on/Roll-off vessel – to carry fully built motor vehicles of all shapes sizes ? LASH (lighter* aboard ship) or Kangaroo ships, lighter transport ships ? Passenger/Luxury Cruise Liner – ferrying people on work or leisure†¢ A lighter is a gearless barge or a small vessel that can carry cargo along rivers waterways to the sea and then can be loaded onto the mother vessel in the port. The Classification of Service Pattern:1. The Feeder service2. RTW or round-the-world3. The Pendulum Service4. Hub and Spoke5. End-to-endReview questions:1. Explain the path of change the sea-borne trade has undergone to reach it present level. Also indicate the factors that influenced the growth of sea-borne trade.2. What is Tramp service?3. Identify the main characteristics of Liner Service4. Draw a comparision between Tramp and Liner Service5. Identify the various types of Liner Service6. How are the Liner Service pattern classified explain. THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICE No fixed schedule – the ship calls at ports â€Å"subject to inducement†. Serves customers with large shipments Eg. Ore, coal steel, crude oil, food grains, fertilizers – full shiploads Freight rates are negotiable – No Tariff On a charter – voyage, time or bareboat THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICE: A fleet of ships sailing between pre-advertised port that call at the ports en-route to load/discharge cargo. Maintain a fixed schedule. Offer cargo space to customers irrespective of volume CY/FCL : Full container OR CFS/LCL : Less-than-container load Carry general cargo and/or unitized cargo in ISO containers A pre-deterimined Tariff structure based on port-pair commodity. Large organisation structure –network of office/agents Specified Port rotation for example: Bangkok-Laem Chabang-Ho Chi Minh City-Singapore- Chennai-Singapore–Laem Chabang-Bangkok Fixed schedule:BKK: Sat/Sun LCB: Mon/Mon VICT: Wed/Wed Cat lai: Wed/Thur SIN: Fri/SatMAA: Thur/Fri SIN : Wed/ThursLCB: Sat/SatBKK: Sat/SunROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF LINER SERVICE – HISTORY: At first, wheeled vehicles carried as cargo on ocean going ships were treated like any other cargo. Automobiles had their gas tanks emptied and their batteries disconnected before being hoisted into the ship’s hold, where they were chocked and secured. This process was tedious and difficult, vehicles were subject to damage, and could not be used for routine travel. Landing craft during World War II: Post war, the idea was adopted for merchant ships and short ferry crossings.The first RoRo service crossing the English channel began from Dover (Dover is a town and major ferry port in the county of Kent, in South East England. ) It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel†¦. TYPES of Roll on Roll off vessels: ROPAX The acronym ROPAX (roll on/roll off passenger) describes a RORO A ferry is a form of transport, usually a boat or ship, used to carry passengers and their vehicles across a body of water. Ferries are also used to transport freight and even railroad cars †¦. vessel built for freight vehicle transport but also with passenger accommodation.The ConRo vessel is a hybrid between a RORO and a container ship. A RoLo (roll-on lift-off) vessel is another hybrid vessel type with ramps serving vehicle decks but with other cargo decks accessible only by crane. Roll-on/roll-off (Roll on/Roll off) Ships were designed to carry wheeled cargo PCTC – Pure car- carriers or Pure Car /Truck Carriers: While the characteristics of seagoing RORO car ferries have inherent risks, there are benefits to its seaworthiness. For example the car carrier Cougar Ace The Motor ship Cougar Ace is a Singapore-flagged roll-on/roll-off car carrier vessel.The Cougar Ace was built by Kanasashi Co. of Toyohashi, Aichi and launched in June 1993†¦ . listed 80 degrees to its port side in 2006 but did not sink, since its high enclosed sides prevented water from entering. Unlike in the shipping industry where cargo is measured by the metric tonne, RORO cargo is typically measured unit of LIM â€Å"lanes in metres†. This is calculated by multiplying cargo length in metres by its width in lanes (lane width differs from vessel to vessel and there are a number of industry standards). Aboard PCCs cargo capacity is measured in RT or RT 43 units which is based on a 1966 Toyota or by car equivalent units (CEU). THE ERA OF CONTAINERIZATION: As the progress was made in terms of unitization of the goods that is packaging the goods in a suitable manner for proper stowage and safe carriage during a shipment from one country to another the simple box, case, crate, cask or drums, pallets, skids and vans slowly evolved the concept of containerization – container made of steel or aluminum that would make handling of cargo easier. Definition: Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitized form thereby permitting an intermodal transport system to be developed providing a possible combination of rail, road, canal and maritime transport. For as long as people have been sailing the oceans they have been trading with other countries. The great empires of the world, from the Egyptians to the British Empire, were all built on ocean trade. As far back as 1792, boxes similar to modern containers emerged in England and these were transported with horse and wagon and later moved via rail. The U. S. government used containers during the Second World War.Modern container shipping began in 1956, when Malcolm McLean, a trucking entrepreneur from North Carolina, U. S. bought a steamship company with the idea of transporting entire truck trailers with their cargo still inside. Various companies in the U. S. began to adopt containerisation. In 1966, the vessel Fairland owned by Sea-Land sailed from the U. S. to Rotterdam in the Netherlands with 256 containers. This was the first international voyage of a container ship. During the 1970s container shipping expanded dramatically and ports were established in every continent in the world. This was the beginning of the expansion that made container shipping the backbone of global trade.Transporting goods in large volumes makes it cheaper – ‘economies of scale’ improved and therefore the unit cost of the products became more competitive. Transporting goods by container ship is also better for the environment. It is estimated that on average a container ship emits around 40 times less CO2 than a large freight aircraft and three times less than a heavy truck. Container shipping is also estimated to be two and a half times more energy efficient than rail and 7 times more so than road. Container shipping is different from conventional shipping because it uses ‘containers’ of various sizes – 20 foot (6. 9 m), 40 foot (12. 18 m) , 45 foot (13. 7 m), 48 foot (14. 6 m), and 53 foot (16. 15 m) – to load, transport, and unload goods DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE: The introduction of containers in shipping also saw the development of infrastructure at the port and the container yards that was required to handle the containers safely with the cargo. A container crane (also container handling gantry crane, ship-to-shore crane ) is a design of large dockside gantry cranes found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships.The first use of a container crane was constructed by Paceco Corp. for Matson (a marine terminal in Alameda, CA) in the early 1960s and was called a Portainer. Container cranes consistent of a supporting framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard, and a moving platform called a â€Å"spreader†. The spreader can be lowered down on top of a container and locks on to the container’s four locking points (â€Å"corner castings†), using a â€Å"twist lock† mechanism. Cranes normally transport a single container at once, however some newer cranes have the capability to up pick upto four 20†² containers at once.A fully maneuverable version not using rails is a rubber tyred gantry crane Containers are generally referred to in te rms of TEU â€Å"Twenty foot equivalent† while the standard size of containers that exist in shipping are for further details the students may refer to the container specifications distributed: CONTAINER TYPES: DRY FREIGHT CONTAINERS INSULATED CONTAINERS REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS BULK CONTAINERS VENTILATED CONTAINERS FLAT RACK PLATFORM CONTAINERS OPEN-TOP CONTAINERS TANKS CONTAINERS SEA CELL CONTAINERS MILITARY CONTAINERS SWAPBODIES HANGER CONTAINERS How to cite Liner Shipping, Papers

The Glass Menagerie Persuasive Essay Example For Students

The Glass Menagerie Persuasive Essay Symbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the reader digs deeper they will find that there are several symbols that give the play a deeper meaning. Each character defines each symbol in a different way. There are some very noticeable symbols that can be analyzed when studying The Glass Menagerie. The first is the actual glass menagerie that represents the fragility of the Wingfields dreamlike existence. The second is the fire escape, which reflects each characters tendency to escape from reality in their own ways. The third is the yellow dress, which represents youth and the past. The actual animal collection, or glass menagerie, symbolizes each character in the story. Like the glass animals, the characters realities are very fragile and in danger of being shattered. It is also as though the characters are stuck in glass, unable to move or change, also like the glas s animals. They are inanimate, as the characters have learned to be to hide and escape from the pain that life has given them. Laura loves the glass animals because her family is like them. It will not take much, like Tom leaving, to shatter their whole world. We will write a custom essay on The Glass Menagerie Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Laura is symbolized by her fragile collection of glass animals, the glass menagerie. Her favorite animal is the unique unicorn. The unicorn is different because it has a horn. When Laura was in high school, she wore a brace. The unicorn and Laura are alike in this way. When Jim dances with Laura, he knocks over the unicorn and the horn breaks off. Now it is like all of the other horses. The unicorn losing its horn is a symbol. The unicorn in its original state symbolizes something different. It is delicate, beautiful, and precious in its own unique way. This could symbolize Laura has natural beauty in an unearthly way that is hidden by her shyness and limp. When Laura starts to talk to Jim, she gets more confidence in herself and realizes that she is not that different from everyone else in the world. The horn symbolizes a difference, an obstacle to be overcome and admired. The fire escape is a major symbol in this play. It represents a different symbol for each character. For Amanda , the fire escape is a way for her to be protected from the outside world, or reality. She cannot live in the present, and the lack of a front door makes it easy for her to avoid real life. She convinces herself that she isnt capable of leaving the safe haven she has created by locking herself inside the strange apartment. She has become trapped by her memories. Laura uses the fire escape as a symbol in a similar way. She, too, is protected from the outside world by the fire escape, and she is also limited by it because of her handicap. It will require an extra effort for Laura to overcome her limp and get out into the world using the fire escape, symbolizing how her life is more difficult because of her handicap and her delusional mother. Tom uses the fire escape as an escape to the outside world. He cannot live in the depressed delusions of his mother and sisters reality, so he goes out the fire escape to work, and to the movies. He even succeeds in bringing in a possible replacem ent for him, someone else to take care of his helpless family members, when he brings Jim OConnor into the apartment. .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 , .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .postImageUrl , .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 , .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:hover , .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:visited , .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:active { border:0!important; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:active , .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3 .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u551fcd4c329dfa8fdeba6c61a2bc65b3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Benedick And Beatrices Relatio EssayThe yellow dress that Amanda insists on wearing when Jim comes over symbolizes her desperate attempt to live in the past when she was young. The yellow and blue silk frock is a symbol of her youth and of the times in her life when she was happy. She wore it when she won the cakewalk twice at Sunset Hill, and she wore it at the Governors Ball in Jackson. This reminds her of happier times when she didnt have to worry about being a single mother with few skills to raise a family on her own. Book Reports

Running Head

Running Head: Television Program AnalysisAnalysis of Childrens Television Program The childrens television program that I reviewed was Doug, a cartoon focusing on a school age boy and his daily experiences. My 9-year-old daughter watches this program frequently, she knew all the regular characters by name and knew their personalities. She suggested this program for my homework assignment. This episode begins with Doug in his room at home listening to the radio and cleaning out his closet, while his best friend Skeeter (his skin is green!) looks on. Doug finds his old lucky hat and immediately puts it on claiming he will again be lucky because of the hat. The radio station announces a prize to the fifteenth caller and Skeeter urges Doug to call now that he has his lucky hat on. Doug calls the radio station amidst grumbles of never winning these contests, when he is announced as the fifteenth caller and the winner. Dougs mother enters the room, carrying a pair of x-ray gogg les she found in the laundry. Doug states he lost them 2 months ago, and it is because of the lucky hat that his luck is on the rise. Doug then imagines he is the first rock star President of the United States, he is surrounded by his friends and admired by his erstwhile girlfriend Patty. This could be considered delusions of grandeur, or simply preadolescent daydreams. The next morning at school Patty loses her science project, a guinea pig. Doug and Skeeter help Patty search for the lost pet. During the search Dougs hat blows off and he chases it through the school into the cafeteria where the guinea pig is found. Accomplishing this task is an example of industry vs. inferiority, these school age children have learned skills and developed a sense of self, which allows them to see thems

Pro Tips Turning your Blog into a Bestselling Book

Pro Tips Turning your Blog into a Bestselling Book Pro Tips: Turning your Blog into a Book Who needs the traditional press anymore? With the democratization of the web, bloggers and social media users can now reach audiences of thousands - if not millions - of eager eyeballs. And once any writer has that kind of platform, it is only a matter of time before publishers come knocking on their doors. Have a look on Amazon, and you'll find plenty of books written by bloggers on topics ranging from business and finance to personal development and pop culture.Many bloggers have resisted the siren call of publishing. But with hundreds of posts under their belt, most bloggers have cleared the first hurdle that most new authors face: they can write. Not just in the sense of being able to put their thoughts to paper and engage an audience, but also by making a regular habit out of writing. How can bloggers become authors? Check out these tips from top ghostwriters With advice from Vanessa Mickan and Marcia Layton Turner, two professional ghostwriters who have helped countless authors publish their first books, we’re taking a peek behind the curtain to see how and why bloggers can (and should) make the leap into the world of publishing.The best reasons for writing a book Old school 💠ªÃ°Å¸â€™ ª 3 years ago and still going !! You ladies are my motivation everyday 💛 Thankyou for all you do. Australian personal trainer Kayla Itsines is practically a cottage industry of feel-good fitness thanks to the inspirational messages, pictures, and workout suggestions  she regularly posts. Leveraging a  massive online following (6 million and counting), she has released a lucrative workout app and self-published an ebook called  The Bikini Body Training Guide. What do @TuckerMax @kayla_itsines and @tferriss all have in common? 5. Tim Ferriss Talk about an immersion course! If you want to learn how to become an author, there are few better ways than working with someone who has substantial experience of writing successful books. Think of it as a turbo-charged internship that you happen to be paying for 😉 If you want to learn how to WRITE a great book, here's why you should consider hiring a ghostwriter. 6. Ghostwriters are publishing insiders Ghostwriters come from many backgrounds, but the best ones have plenty of experience in the publishing industry - often as acquisition editors. They can help you understand whether you should self-publish or pursue  traditional publishers. If you decide to go for the latter, they can help you through the process of pitching to editors. It’s not uncommon for ghostwriters to work on  book proposals: creating a pitch document that lays out your book’s content on a chapter-by-chapter basis as well as demonstrating why you are the perfect person to author a book on your subject. Once they’ve put together your proposal, they can even help you identify the right publishers to send it to.Intrigued by the idea of working with a professional on your book? Find out more about choosing a ghostwriter with  this step-by-step guide or by reading  this article from the world’s most successful ghost.Have you considered making the jump from blogger to author? What do you see as your biggest incentives and obstacles? Feel free to share your thoughts, questions, or strong disagreements in the comments below.

Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol Coursework

Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol - Coursework Example The researcher states that it is crucial to delivering the idea behind subnetting via fundamental binary representation yet, a majority of texts are present in binary terms for the procedure of subnetting. This makes subnetting difficult for the students to understand and learn without any tables or reference materials. Therefore, in this article easy, simple and alternative technique is illustrated exclusively of the use of calculators, software, tables, and others in order to understand subnetting. The understanding of binary arithmetic such as powers of 2 from 0 to 8 (2x for x = 0, 1, †¦.. 8) is necessary. The entire process is easy and simple if the little knowledge regarding binary arithmetic is achieved. In fact, this article is made for the readers who are supposed to have some knowledge regarding the use of subnetting, IP addressing and the function of a subnet mask. Here simple and easy techniques are explained from the short introduction till the detailed discussion re lated to the subnets and hosts, subnet mask calculation, formatting (sub) network ids and the availability of IP addresses for every subnet. This technique is very helpful for the students as, well as the professionals who are seeking an easy way to understand subnetting methods. In recent years the importance of subnetting is revealed in different ways. Therefore, for every learner, it is important to have sound knowledge regarding TCP/IP subnetting. In the routed network, the performance of a network is improved via broadcast domains and by splitting up collisions. The outsized networks can be structured by considering its departmental, geographical, functional and other related partitions. For this reason, the access can be achieved via other routers and can be configured while applying security restrictions. In addition, subnetting also acts as a tool that allows supporting security policies. Since handing over the administrative duties and separating large networks into subnets it is easy for every subnet to manage effortlessly. The WAN link that is joining the two networks needs a router in order to divide a subnet. The capability to recognize network design requires sound knowledge regarding subnetting. Moreover, troubleshooting, diagnosing and problem fixing in TCP/IP internetwork needs proper expertise in subnetting. If the underlying binary mathematics is not understood properly there is a chance of unsuccessful subnetting implementation. Likewise, it is also complicated to understand the fundamentals of subnetting without having familiarity regarding binary arithmetic, logic and binary/decimal conversations. However, in order to plan, design and apply easy subnetting it is possible without underlying binary. 2. Evaluating routing protocols a. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) As per network dictionary it is defined as â€Å"Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a standard for exchange of routing information among gateways and hosts. This protocol is most useful as an â€Å"interior gateway protocol†. It is also knows as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP). Frame Relay protocol is implemented for WAN networks associated with LAN internetworking. It functions on physical layer and data link layer of the OSI model, to endow with robust and efficient mechanism for transmitting data. The transmission encompasses multiple routers and switches.

How the employees treat the customers on Customer Care department at Essay

How the employees treat the customers on Customer Care department at the Airport ( Customer Service ) - Essay Example The customer care department is single point resolution centre for the passengers who pass through their terminals. The customer care departments add value to the experience enjoyed by the customers while passing through the airport terminals. The valued experience provided to the customers brings them back to the same airports that have created relative preference during the journeys. All information related to the service for the customers and passengers at the airport is provided by the customer care department. Enquiries about lost baggage, availability of flights, update on flight timings, information on the basis utilities available at the airport, communication facilities from the airport and information on any other item related to the journey is provided by the customer care department. During the time of transit, the customer care department provides the right direction of the journey. In cases of discontent of the customers due to irrational behavior of any airport staff, the customer care department helps to resolve the issue. The functions of the customer care department at the airport are extremely important as they help in maintaining the smooth flow of journey by the passengers. This customer care department plays a vital role in ensuring that the passengers passing through the terminal enjoy a highly valued experience. At the same time, the customer care department at the airport plays a vital role in maintaining a peaceful and dedicated work environment which is beneficial to both the airport authority and their customers. The ways in which the employees of the customer care departments at the airport treat their customers as a customer service staff determine the value of experience provided to the customers that pass through their terminals. In order to treat the customers at the airport with an aim of delighting them, the employees should undergo training on customer service. Several research studies on customer care

Economics of Energy: Shale Oil

Economics of Energy: Shale Oil Economics of Energy As every nation endures the global recession, countries invest on various types of energy sources that offer the maximum benefits. There are many variations on energy that can be used such as solar energy, nuclear energy, wind-generated energy and shale oil reserves. Each type of energy has different economic benefits. At present times, shale oil reserves are to watch out for. Shale oil reserves are usually undeveloped given that the process of extracting its oil is a difficult process. However, the latest technology unfolds the overwhelming potential of shale oil exploration. The accessibility of shale oil resources across the globe and the effect of increased shale oil production have influence that extends further than the rest of competitors in energy industry. In contrast, other sources of energy offer economic benefits as well but only differ with costs incurred. Among all energy sources, nuclear energy helps to reduce air pollution, balance the Earths weather, avoid acid rain, and depletion of ozone layer. Nuclear power plants are environment-friendly source of energy. There are many economic benefits of using nuclear power plants. Nuclear power plants are a good source of income while it incurs low costs on operation. In the United States, it is their second largest source of power. Aside from stability in future price, it also avoids the import on fuel. Although the economic benefits of nuclear power are great, the hype on shale oil exploration overshadows the nuclear industry. As many nuclear power plants are offline, most of them would find it easier to build new turbines for gas exploration than repair nuclear reactors. According to the Climate News Network in London, most of the nuclear reactors in the United States and Canada are shutting down since shale gas produces cheaper power (Brown, 2013, para.1). Moreover, the investment costs required for nuclear power plant is higher compared to shale oil exploration. Hence, the economic benefits of shale gas are better than nuclear power. Another source of energy is the solar power. This type of energy captures the photovoltaic cells that transform sunlight into electrical energy. Its edge among other sources of energy is that sunlight is free; hence, its energy is infinitely renewable. In the future, the cost of solar power is expected to decline below market price. To compare solar energy and shale gas, the latter has many variables to consider on its relevant costs such as land costs, drilling costs, corporate overhead and others. Hence, solar energy is more economic than shale gas when it comes to expenditures. Lastly, wind-generated energy is also an alternative source of electricity. Wind turbines convert the wind that passes through the blades into electricity. One of the challenges on wind energy industry is its disadvantage on costs. Its technology needs a hi gher amount of initial outlay than fossil fuels. Hence, shale gas is more cost-competitive compared to wind-generated electricity. Economic Costs and Profits of Shale Oil Exploration Computation for economic costs basically includes explicit costs, real costs and opportunity costs (EconomicConcepts.com, 2012, n.p.). On the other hand, economic profit is the difference between revenue and costs incurred. In this section, the economic costs are cash outlays, opportunity costs, transportation expense to China and Beijing Costs, Insurance and Freight (CFI). Below is a table of the writer’s own model of economic costs and profits of shale exploration (Figure 1). The figures are rounded off to the nearest whole number. Economic Costs and Profit for Shale Oil Exploration Total Revenue $ 12,000,000,000.00 Explicit Costs Pipeline costs Materials $ 8,000,000.00 Miscellaneous Expenses $ 1,000,000.00 $ 9,000,000.00 Land (934400 acres x $ 5000 per acre) $ 4,600,000,000.00 Well Cost (50 wells x $5,000,000 rate per well) $ 250,000,000.00 Drilling Costs $ 14,000,000.00 Transportations Costs (Cost Insurance Freight to Beijing, China) (6000 trucks x $8000 rate per truck) $ 48,000,000.00 $ 4,921,000,000.00 Total Explicit Costs Real Costs Labor $ 11,500,000.00 Total Real Cost $ 11,500,000.00 Opportunity Costs Opportunity Costs $ 50,000,000.00 Total Opportunity Costs $ 50,000,000.00 Total Economic Costs $ 4,982,500,000.00 Total Economic Profit $ 7,017,500,000.00 Figure 1. Sample Model of Total Economic Costs and Profit for Shale Oil Exploration In Figure 1, the figures indicated are merely estimates through extensive research. In the explicit costs, the costs incurred are for pipeline, land, well, drilling and transportations. These are costs that are directly attributed to the shale gas exploration. The estimates used for rate per acre, well, and truck are average computation for each account. Secondly, real cost includes all the labor costs incurred to extract oil from the shale. Lastly, the opportunity cost pertains to the amount which could have been earned using other alternatives such as nuclear power plant and so on. In the illustration, total revenue exceeds the total costs incurred which results to an economic profit of $7 Billion. Hence, the model shows a cash-generating shale oil exploration. The next illustration (Figure 2) shows the extended model of Figure 1. Expanded Computation for Economic Cost and Profit of Shale Oil Exploration Total Revenue $ 12,000,000,000.00 Total Economic Costs $ 4,982,500,000.00 Other Costs Decommission Cost Waste Disposal costs $ 384,500,000.00 Labor $ 568,050,000.00 Used-fuel Storage costs $ 211,230,000.00 $ 1,163,780,000.00 Operation or Fracking Expense $ 1,230,500,000.00 Construction Expense $ 805,080,000.00 Total Economic Cost $ 8,181,860,000.00 Total Economic Profit $ 3,818,140,000.00 Figure 2. Expanded Computation for Economic Cost and Profit of Shale Oil Exploration In Figure 2, the amounts from Figure 1 are retained and only the other costs account is added as well as operation or fracking cost and construction expense. The marginal cost is computed by dividing the change in total cost by change in total quantity of shale oil (AmosWEB, 2014, para.4). Hence, $ 8,181,860,000.00 $ 4,982,500,000.00 is $3199360000. Change in total quantity pertains to the change in output of shale oil extraction. For instance, a company can extract 100,000 tons of shale oil in a year and doubles for the succeeding years. Below is the computation for marginal cost per year. Change in Costs Change in Quantity Marginal Cost 1st year 3199360000 100,000 31993 2nd year 3199360000 200,000 15996 3rd year 3199360000 400,000 7998 4th year 3199360000 800,000 3999 5th year 3199360000 1,600,000 1999 Figure 3. Computation for Marginal Cost Figure 3 is a chart on computing for marginal cost. The numerator is the change in costs divided by the denominator which is the change in tons of shale oil. Energy Forecast Energy Forecast on UAE from 2014 to 2020 Year Dollar Price per Oil Barrel Year Dollar Price per Oil Barrel 2003 26.74 2014 120.76 2004 33.46 2015 128.86 2005 49.49 2016 136.97 2006 61.43 2017 145.07 2007 68.37 2018 153.17 2008 93.78 2019 161.28 2009 61.75 2020 169.38 2010 78.06 2011 106.03 2012 108.9 2013 105.43 Figure 4. Energy Forecast on UAE from 2014 to 2020 In Figure 4, the amounts from the year 2003 up to 2013 are data released by World Bank Commodity Price Data (Knoema, 2013). Following the past trends on Dubai’s oil prices, the next 6 six years are forecasts through the Microsoft Excel’s trend function. The illustration shows a forecast of the increasing oil price in the next 6 years. UAE’s oil price is to increase by $7-$9. Comparative Energy Forecast on UAE, UK and US UAE UK United States Year Dollar Price per Oil Barrel 2003 26.74 28.85 31.11 2004 33.46 38.3 41.44 2005 49.49 54.43 56.44 2006 61.43 65.39 66.04 2007 68.37 72.7 72.28 2008 93.78 97.64 99.56 2009 61.75 61.86 61.65 2010 78.06 79.64 79.43 2011 106.03 110.94 95.05 2012 108.9 111.97 94.16 2013 105.43 108.86 97.94 2014 120.76 123.61 109.21 2015 128.86 131.63 115.36 2016 136.97 139.65 121.52 2017 145.07 147.66 127.67 2018 153.17 155.68 133.83 2019 161.28 163.70 139.98 2020 169.38 171.72 146.14 Figure 5. Comparative Energy Forecast on UAE, UK and US Figure 6.Bar Graph of Energy Forecast on UAE, UK and US Figure 5 illustrates the past and future forecasts on the oil prices of UAE, UK and the United States. Using the past trends on oil prices of these countries, a forecast for the next 6 years is made. The same method of computation has been made similar to Figure 5. Its summary on Figure 6, UK has the highest amount of oil price in the next 6 years while UAE falls second. Although United States has usually the highest price of oil in the last 10 years, UK started to lead starting 2012 until now. Hence, both United States and UAE has to improve more in terms of their energy economics to surpass UK’s performance in energy industry. References Brown, P. (2013, February 13).Shale gas kills nuclear power | Climate News Network. Retrieved from http://www.climatenewsnetwork.net/2013/02/shale-gas-kills-nuclear-power/> EconomicConcepts.com (2012).Concept of Economic Costs Explict Cost Implict Cost- Real Cost Oppotunity Cost Definition and Example Economicsconcepts.com. RetrievedJanuary24, 2014, from http://economicsconcepts.com/concepts_of_economic_costs.htm> Knoema (2013, October).Crude Oil Prices Forecast: Long Term to 2025 | Data and Charts knoema.com. RetrievedJanuary25, 2014, from http://knoema.com/yxptpab/crude-oil-prices-forecast-long-term-to-2025-data-and-charts> Marginal Cost, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014>. Theory of mind: Autism Theory of mind: Autism The term theory of mind in cognitive psychology allows individuals to describe and understanding of other individuals metal state about their beliefs or thoughts no individual can be certain what another individual is thinking but can have a good understand in what they may believe what they are thinking or about their thoughts Baron-Cohen (1997) theory of mind is exclusive to humans and allows humans to have a better understanding about the social world around and allows individuals to interact with other individuals in appropriate way Baron-Cohen (2003) Autism is a developmental disorder which occurs in the first 2 years of the Childs life and can affect approximately four in every ten thousand children (Baron-Cohen, Leslie Frith, 1985), the disorder is more four times more likely for a boy to have the disorder than a girl (Gilberg and Coleman, 1992; Rapin, 1997). An individual who has the disorder may find it hard to interact with another individuals and find it hard to understand what they are saying or understand the emotion of behaviour from another individual that also cannot understand their inner self and the other individuals thoughts and believes. Early signs of autism in a child cannot keep eye-to eye contact with another individual for a long period of time. (Swettenham et al., 1998) Also they cannot spontaneously play with a toy because it may be the fact their disorder cannot let them understand what the toy does. A study took place where individuals where ask to sort out pictures giving to the by category, children wi th the artistic disorder sorted the pictures out by objects example hat scarf (weeks and Hobson, 1987) this shows that not all social communication is impaired but they have little understanding of what is being asked of them. The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task(Baron-Cohen et al., 1997). Baron-Cohen et al. (1997, 2001a, 2001b) showed some individuals pictures of peoples eyes and where giving four different type of words describing emotion this study was allocated to individuals with autism and also individuals without the disorder but show some signs of the autistic disorder. Baron-Cohen et al. (1997) believes that is a pure test of theory of mind and believes that the results from this study can be an in sight to see if an individual has got the autistic disorder. Children without the disorder start to use the terms think and want this shows they have some understanding of their inner self Most autistics children are delayed in learning a langue which can lead them to make new words up which is called neologising this make it harder for them understand communication and participate in social chat with other individuals Rutter (1987). An autistic individual finds it hard to keep up with the subject of conversation and also shows in ability to use feedback which (Bailey et al., 1996). Children at the age 2 Â ½ can to understand pretend play and the thoughts of other people when as children with autism have mind blindness this is an inability for them to understand social interactions which the individual finds it hard to develop a loving relationship with another individual. The disorder makes the individual find it hard to understand how some else is feeling and its difficult for the autistic individual to interact with another individual with out warning and may feel cold or distant towards other individuals. (Karmiloff-Smith, 1988, 1992) believes that all children explore the environment around them and automatically think of hypothesis and testing them this allows them. The social problems which under go in everyday life which autistic individuals have to face in everyday life, there has been studies which have been created to see if the problems they occur are related to the theory of mind. The Sally- Ann test false belief task was created to see if the individual on going the task had theory of mind skills or not. A child was introduced to two dolls called sally and Ann and where allocated with their own box with a marble hidden inside of it. The child was then told that sally has to go for a minute removing her from the scene and leaving her box behind this. The child is then told Ann is going to play a trick on sally and removes the marble from sallys box. Sally is then returned and the child is then asked where sally should look for the marble. A child with theory of mind will remember that sally doesnt know where her marble is and unaware that it is missing and will look it sallys box by using worlds for example he thinks however a child lacki ng theory of mind skills will only see it from her point of view and would look in Anns box Baron-Cohen, Leslie, and Frith (1985) Many children passed this false belief test which have the autism disorder. Nearly 80 percent of artistic children failed this task which shows that most of the children taking part have not got the inner ability to understand other peoples thought and emotions. Baron- Cohen et als (1992 brought out a checklist for autism to see if any children have the autistic disorder to allow parents or guardians to find out in case of the risk of developing the disorder. The most common signs of autism is mental retardation is most common with 75% of all cases (Rutter, 1979; Rapin, 1997) there is no strong evidence to prove autism is inherited disorder (Rutter, 1994) Autism is clearly understood as a developmental disorder which makes it difficult for that individual to express him/her self and find it hard to understand any other individuals feelings or understand that they can feel emotions and think thoughts. There is not enough evidence to suggest that theory of mind can allow us to understand about autism to its full potential and that theory of mind describes the disorder to where it is completely understood.

Misconception of Religion

Ryan Wood Alicia Alexander Eng. 131 2, November 2010 Misconception of Religion in â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† and â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings. † In the two short stories both authors, Jorge Luis Borges in â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† and Gabriel Garcia Marquez in â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† use religion as examples on how different individuals use and believe in it. As we read the story’s we will see how religion is sometimes misconceived and misinterpreted by people so they can benefit in their own personal lives, and personal well-being.In the stories both characters are seemed to be looked at as maybe something they are not. This will lead us to the misconception and misunderstanding that people have on religion and beliefs. In the short story â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† the main character Baltasar Espinosa is seemed to be looked at like a God by a family that does not know much about relig ion or the Bible. The Gutres are a small family that seems to be looking for a religious figure they can believe in since they do not understand religious beliefs. In â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† Pelayo and his wife Elisenda find an old man with wings in front of their house.They believe he could be an angel and decide to lock him inside a chicken coup. They believe he could be there for their sick child but at first there not quite sure. As the two stories evolve we will see how both families use Baltasar Espinosa, and the Old Man to gain advantages in their own lives. In Marquez story, â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† we see an example of how Elisenda starts using the Old Man to reap personal benefits. The narrator says, â€Å"Elisenda, her spine all twisted from sweeping up so much marketplace trash, then got the idea of fencing in the yard and charging five cents admission to see the angel† (354).As we read Borges story, â€Å"The Gosp el According to Mark† the narrator says, â€Å"The next day began like all the others, except that the father spoke to Espinosa to ask whether Christ had allowed himself to be killed in order to save all mankind† (347). Later we find out that the family decides to crucify Espinosa because they might believe him to be a spiritual character and it could benefit the family in some way. They also find out that something has happened between Espinosa and the daughter. In both stories there seems to be a religious character there to help both families in some sort of way.In â€Å"The Gospel According to Mark† the family seems like they take to Espinosa and follow him and learn from him. Where in â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† the family is not sure of him and decides not to take the Old Man in and learn his reasons for being there. â€Å"Pelayo watched over him all afternoon from the kitchen, armed with his bailiff’s club, and before going to bed he dragged him out of the mud and locked him up with the hens in the wire chicken coop† (353). Instead of trying to figure out why he was there, they were more afraid of him and worried about what he could be.In Borges story, â€Å"The Gospel according to Mark† the narrator says, â€Å"The move brought Espinosa and the Gutres closer, and they began to eat together in the large dining room† (345). As both stories evolve we see some contrast in the two families even though religion is a constant topic. Both stories have similar meaning to them, but both authors use religion and religious beliefs in different ways. As the two stories come to an end we see that both families lose their perception on what they were focusing on throughout the stories.In â€Å"A Gospel According to Mark† the family decides to kill the religious figure that has been teaching them the Gospel. This has irony because the Bible strictly talks about death and murder, even though th e family seems upset about what Espinosa has done to the daughter. The narrator says, â€Å"There was no roof on the shed; they had torn down the roof beams to build the Cross† (348). In â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings† Elisenda is relieved more than happy when she sees the Old Man fly away.This has irony as well because they used him to make money and benefit in their own life. After they used him, she feels happy that he is gone and is no longer a nuisance. The narrator states, â€Å"Elisenda let out a sigh of relief, for herself and him, when she saw him pass over the last houses, holding himself up in some way with the risky flapping of a senile vulture† (357). The conclusion to the stories is religion can be used positively or negatively depending on who the person is and what their intentions are.

Chinese Population And Its Effect On China - 1700 Words

If â€Å"democracy† is a term that sounds so familiar to many Western countries, the concept, on the other hand, does not adhere a same value in developing countries, especially for China. In fact, Chinese population is heavily under the effect of democratization resistance for many reasons, including but not limit to (1) the government’s own definition and version of democracy (2) Chinese’s long historical factors and unique cultures, (3) different political philosophy and (4) whether is developed or still developing status. With the growth of globalization, the concept of democratization has been encouraged and discouraged in many ways. Unlike many nations, China is a country with at least 5000-year-long civilization, a long rich history with†¦show more content†¦However, Chinese government is lack of those conditions to become a democracy. First, China defined its own version of democracy, which is called socialist democracy or â€Å"with Chinese characteristics† (Green Luehrmann, 2011, p. 337). In China, apart from the Communist Party of China, there are eight different political parties called democratic parties, which were mostly founded during the anti-Japanese war and the national liberation war (crienglish.com, 2014). These parties, however, do not involve with ruling party in China, but rather only participate in the discussion and administration of the State affairs. In the contrary to how China claims to have its own democracy version, there is a government hierarchy of executive power in China, in which the authoritarians have justified their centralization of power as a way to secure their countries from collapse. (Green Luehrmann, 2011, p. 339) In other word, such government is described as â€Å"personalist regimes†, which means that there is such a consolidation of power in the hands of on e individual that this leader comes to personify the nation (Green Luehrmann, 2011, p. 340). For example, China’s prime minister Wen Jiaobao, also known as â€Å"Grandpa Wen† or â€Å" the crying prime minister† has established his symbol as â€Å"rescuers at

First-Grade Science Projects

First grade is a great time to introduce students to the scientific method, which involves looking at the world around you, coming up with an explanation for what you observe, testing your  hypothesis  to see if it could be valid, and then either accepting or rejecting it. Even at such an early grade level, students can begin to learn concepts related to this method. Harness Their Curiosity Young children are innately curious about the world around them. Introducing them to the scientific method helps kids begin to explore what they see, hear, taste, and feel in a systematic way. First-grade projects should be interesting to the student and mostly exploratory in nature. At this age, a teacher or parent needs to help plan the project and offer guidance  on a report or poster. Some students may want to make models or perform demonstrations that illustrate scientific concepts. Project Ideas First-grade science offers a wonderful opportunity to explore how things work. Start your first-graders on the road to exploring science fair project ideas with some simple questions that might spark their interest, such as: What type of food attracts the most insects? (You can choose either flies or ants.) What do these foods have in common?In this experiment, students use vinegar to remove the calcium in chicken bones to make them rubbery. Questions for students: What happens to a chicken bone or an egg if you put in vinegar for a day? What would happen after a week? Why do you think it happens?Do all students in the class have the same size hands and feet? Trace outlines of hands and feet and compare them. Do taller students have larger hands and feet or does height not seem to matter?You can also create a fun science project to determine whether mascaras are really waterproof. Simply put mascara on a sheet of paper and rinse it with water. Ask students to explain what happens.Do eight-hour lipsticks really keep their color that long? You may need to review the  concept of time  with students if they have forgotten or are unfamiliar with hours, minutes, and seconds. Other Project Ideas Spark further interest by suggesting—or assigning—other science fair projects. Asking questions related to each project is the best way to elicit a response from young students. Project-related questions you can ask include: Do clothes take the same length of time to dry if you add a dryer sheet or fabric softener to the load?Do all types of bread grow the same types of mold?Do frozen candles burn at the same rate as candles that were stored at room temperature? All of these questions give you the opportunity to review—or teach—concepts that are important for first-graders. For example, explain to students that  room temperature is a range of  temperatures  that denotes comfortable habitation for people. Talk About Temperature An easy way to demonstrate this idea is to turn up or down the temperature-control gage in the classroom. Ask students what happens when you turn the temperature control up or down. Some other fun projects include letting students figure out if raw eggs and hard-boiled eggs spin the same length of time/number of times if light affects how fast foods spoil, and if you can tell from todays clouds what tomorrows weather will be. This is a great opportunity to take students outdoors, and as they peer at the sky, discuss the difference in outside temperature compared to inside.