Script Analysis of Oedipus the King Essay - 848 Words

Script Analysis of Oedipus Rex The complete fate of Oedipus Rex, is foreshadowed by Teiresias, the prophet in Scene II: But it will soon be shown that he is a Theban, A revelation that will fail to please. A blind man, Who has his eyes now; a penniless man, who is rich now; And he will go tapping the strange earth with his staff To the children with whom he lives now he will be Brother and father- the very same; to her Who bore him, son and husband- the very same Who came to his fathers bed, wet with his fathers blood. (42.75-88) This paper will discuss the elements of Scene II from Oedipus Rex, a play by Sophocles. The script analysis will include: a list of events from the development through to the climax of†¦show more content†¦Teiresias did not want to share his disturbing knowledge with Oedipus as revealed in Scene II: Oedipus: In Gods name, we all beg you- Teiresias: You are all ignorant. No; I will never tell you what I know, Now it is my misery; then it will be yours. (40.71-74) Oedipus in his thirst for knowledge sealed his own fate. The prophet was relentless as he dispelled the truth of the murder of Laios. In disbelief, Oedipus disputed the powers of Teirsias: Tell us: Has your mystic mummery ever approached the truth? When that hellcat the Sphinx was performing here, What help were you to these people? (41. 71-76) He revelled in his own glorious feat of the dispelling of the Sphinx: But I came by, Oedipus the simple man, who knows nothing I thought it out for myself, no birds helped me! And this man you think that you can destroy, (41.82-86) These quotes exemplify the dissention between Oedipus and Teiresias, as pride and conflict collide. It is of interest to note that, while Oedipus believes that he has power over the prophet. It is ironic that it is in reality the reverse. Teiresias held the power of knowledge over Oedipus. He had the power of introducing a poison in the conscience of Oedipus that would lead to his demise. The interaction of characters in this scene has proven to be an effective tool for revelation of character. The setting of theShow MoreRelatedThe Poetics of Oedipus and Dana Marschz1312 Words   |  6 Pages Creon, in Sophocles Oedipus the King, declares to Oedipus that his power ends; none of [his] power follows [him] through life. (Fagles, 652:1677-8) This edict communicates the transience of mortal abilities, and the hubris of those mortals. In the 2008 film Hamlet 2, Dana Marschz perceives himself as an excellent writer producing the work that will save Drama (Hamlet 2, 00:27:58-28:00), which the community loathes for its mediocrity rather than celebrates for its merits. Comparison of the twoRead MoreSophocles The King And Antigone Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles wrote about kings. Mythological, or at least long dead, the regal protagonists of fraction of Sophocles’ surviving work embody the political realities of the ancients’ time. 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Whales in Captivity Free Essays

Killer Whales Deserve Freedom Kimberly Hall COM 155 November 27, 2011 Mara Galvez Killer Whales Deserve Freedom Orcas are complex social creatures deserving freedom and respect, not captivity in theme parks under the guise of public education and entertainment. Aquarium staffs say captive whales are priceless educational tools. However, people can educate their children by bringing them to the wild instead of bringing the wild to them at the expense of the Orcas health and well-being. We will write a custom essay sample on Whales in Captivity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The price of a family admission ticket is what continues to drive this cruel spectacle,† according to Michael O’ Sullivan, the Executive Director of The Humane Society of Canada (Whales in Captivity, 2010, Para. 3). Orcas suffer in many ways in captivity, and are subject to many stressful situations they would never encounter in the wild. Captivity changes not only their mental state but also their physical appearance. One of the most salient physical effects of captivity is dorsal fin disfiguration. In the captive population, almost every male has a flopped dorsal fin, and most females have at least some bend to their dorsal. In the wild, male dorsal fins can exceed heights of six feet straight up. The best theory is that the dorsal fin flops from the force of gravity. Dorsal fins are made of cartilage, not bone. Orcas are one of the fastest mammals in the sea; they can reach speeds up to 30 miles per hour. Orcas can dive underwater to depths of close to 200 feet. When diving, the animal’s heart rate slows from 60 beats per minute to 30 beats per minute. Meanwhile, oxygen-carrying blood diverts away from the extremities, and then navigates toward the heart, lungs, and brain, where there is more oxygen needed. These biological changes permit the animal to conserve oxygen while submerged for longer periods of time (About Orcas – Physical Characteristics, 2005). In the wild Orcas have support from the water, keeping their dorsal erect. In captivity, Orcas are at the surface constantly for feeding, training, and petting purposes, and swim only in circles so there is very little dorsal support, thus causing the dorsal to flop [ (Bohn, 2011) ]. Orcas in captivity suffer from more than just physical imperfections. Dosed with drugs to help the killer whales deal with stress, they suffer terribly in marine parks. Animals and humans share the same immune system. Just as stress reduces our immune system, it does the same to the killer whale. Therefore, stress has been an indirect cause of death in captive killer whales. Killer whales in captivity experiencing stress tend to beat their head against the walls of their tanks until it bleeds. At least three captive whales have killed themselves with this repetitive motion brought on by stress. Have you ever heard of this happening in the wild? Not only does it not happen, an Orca in the wild would never bring bodily harm upon itself. Denial of their right to live in their true habitat where they belong causes the killer whales much stress, frustration, anxiety, and sadly aggression. In the wild Orcas, do not attack humans as they have in marine parks. As Barry (2010, Para, 12) explained, â€Å"Isolation among marine animals is highly stressful, which leads to abnormal behavior. † Marine parks such as Sea World have what they call petting pods, where the children can pet and feed the Orcas. Orcas are given tranquilizers to help them deal with the stress and anxiety of human contact. People might not be so eager to pet these wild mammals if they knew everything the Orca had to go through just so they could pet them for a minute or two. (Smith, 2010) Along with the stress of living in a marine park, Orcas suffer extreme stress being away from their family members. In the wild Orcas travel with their family (pods) that range anywhere from five to 25 family members (Orcas). Orcas families are very close knit. They mostly travel in pods that include their parents, grandparents, children, etc. Taking the Orca away from their family causes them much stress, anxiety, and depression. In the wild, their offspring stay with them and travel with them. Orcas, related by blood, remain together for the duration of their lives. In captivity, the aquarium staff removes their offspring (calves) from them at a very young age. For Orcas, known to be the one mammal that is closest to the human race as far as family, feelings, and social behaviors, it would be equivalent to a human being removed from their family to never see them again, to never speak to them again. Smith, 2010) In the wild, Orcas have constant communication with their pods (family). To communicate with their pods (family) in the wild Orcas use echolocation. Mandell (2010) describes echolocation as, â€Å"The process of moving air between the sinuses in their heads to make high-pitched sound (p. 2). The vibrations travel underwater until they encounter objects and then rebound back creating audible tones the whales use for navigation. Their sound waves go so far that they never come back to the Orca who sent it. What comes back is the voice (sound waves) of another Orca (family member). In captivity, these high-pitched sounds can only travel to the wall of the tank and bounce back. Thus, causing the sound (the Orcas own voice) to bounce back and forth repeatedly which in time can drive a killer whale insane. It would be equivalent to keeping a human in a room, in solitary, who is constantly hearing voices. Being isolated in a small tank (approximately the size of two Orcas), splashing spectators with your tail, and doing tricks several times a day for years would make any species go crazy. I agree that watching magnificent Orcas performing tricks with a human trainer is not educational. Unfortunately, watching one snap and kill a trainer is educational, but only if the lesson changes the minds and actions of its captors. Orcas are complex social creatures deserving of freedom and respect. There are currently 42 killer whales in captivity worldwide. Out of the 194 killer whales in captivity since 1964, two-thirds died within 10 years, and less than 30 survived longer than 20 years in captivity [ (Mandell, 2010) ]. To keep them in captivity disguised under education and entertainment is nothing more than cruel and unusual treatment. They suffer physically, socially and mentally. Captivity is more detrimental to the welfare of the Orca than the wild could ever be. Watching Orcas in their natural habitat is far more educational than watching them perform tricks in a marine park. [ (Santich, 2010) ] OR [ (Orlando, 2011) ] YOU DECIDE References About Orcas – Physical Characteristics. (2005). Retrieved December 7, 2011, from orca-zone: http://www. orca-zone. com/aboutorcas/index. html Barry, J. (2010, August 26). Killer is prized, feared, stressed: Life won’t change much for Tilikum, the orca that drowned a trainer at Seaworld. St Petersburg Times . St Petersburg, FL, United States. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/264384772/1338068E48F8B67489/1? accountid=35812 Bohn, G. (2011, November 28). Killer whales and captivity; What threat, if any, does life in the aquarium bubble pose to the health of these giant sea mammals. The Edmonton Journal . Edmonton, Alta, Canada. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/251763683/133805C5287EFA914D/1? accountid=35812 Mandell, M. (2010, June 29). Short history on killer whales. Bergen County, N. J, United States. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/365980652? accountid=35812 Orlando, S. W. Orca Collapsed Dorsal Fin. (picture). Captive orcas. Sea World Orlando, Orlando. Retrieved from http://pediaview. com/openpedia/Captive_orcas Santich, K. Free Willy? Conservationists say this is how orcas should live — in the wild. SeaWorld tragedy — a reminder of why orcas should swim free? Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society. (picture) Retrieved from http://blogs. orlandosentinel. om/changetheworld/2010/02/a-tragic-reminder-of-why-killer-whales-should-not-live-at-marine-parks. html/orcinus_orca_5 Smith, J. (2010, June 11). Captive Killer Whales. The Ecologist . United Kingdom. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/234920905/1338063BFFA6E62ABF8/1? accountid=35812 Whales in Captivity – Spectacularly Cruel – says Humane Society of Canada. (2010, July 1) . The Canada Newswire . Ottawa, British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/docview/455947023/133806FC22464623DC8/6? accountid=35812 How to cite Whales in Captivity, Essay examples

Inclusive Education and Training for Angelides -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInclusive Education and Training for Panyotis Angelides. Answer: Introduction Panyotis Angelides is an important scholar known for his contributions in the field of inclusive education. He is currently the professor and rector of University of Nicosia and has authored numerous books on the themes of inclusive and intercultural education. Angelides has discussed on the political history and political climate of Greece to make the understanding on education and inclusive policies in schools a more insightful and engaging discussion. Greece has maintained a balance between being Euro-centric and ethno-centric. He argues that the issues of citizenship and geo-politics influence the subjects to be taught at school, school curriculum and the pedagogical canon. The project of modern education is largely white, westernized, promotes the values of nationalism and Euro-centrism rather than adhering to multi-cultural values (Angelides, 2005). Therefore, the knowledge that is imparted to the students caters to the interests of the mainstream population and excludes the et hnic minorities. Drawing on the arguments of Ainscow et al., (2006), the paper commences with the connotations of inclusive education and follows it up with the documentation of Angelides work on collaborative artmaking. It is found that this technique has significance in reducing the effects of marginalization faced by children. The next section of the paper discusses on the different literature of Angelides on interculturalism, exclusion and inclusion, education system in Cyprus and the efforts of the state, teachers, peer-groups and the concerned students in response to marginalization and exclusion. What is inclusive education? The term inclusion has two different connotations. The descriptive connotation of inclusion indicates that the ways in which inclusion is used in our everyday life. On the other hand, the prescriptive connotation of inclusion indicates the ways concepts are used. The term inclusiveness has different implications for different countries. This philosophy is not limited to the placement or positioning of children with special needs in the special schools. It is also concerned with the effective and sustainable education of children under the special education programs. Special education is understood as the ways in which schools respond to the students as autonomous individuals who possess the right to education. According to Ainscow et al., (2006), inclusion embodies a set of values that emboldens all the learners to overcome the barriers experienced in the attainment of education. These barriers and hurdles include underachievement, marginalization and exclusion. They are of the view that traditionally literature on inclusion has a myopic understanding of the concept and are solely concerned with the special needs of children. However, in the present understanding of inclusion it has taken on a broader dimension as it addresses the aspects of nationality, language, ethnicity, gender, class composition and race to elucidate on inclusion. Experiences of marginalization can also emerge when children of one school do not wish to socialize with children of another school. Angelides in his paper with Michaelidou, (2009), conducted an interesting study on school children to understand the role of art in neutralizing the effects of marginalization. The universe of study was a multicultural school in Cyprus that comprised of 20 per cent of non-Greek speaking students. The authors found that art has a cathartic value when it comes to alleviating the effects of childrens exclusion in school. The study found that drawings created by children can reveal many unspoken aspects of their lives and help them to release them their experiences of pain. The use of collaborative art-making in the pre-primary school teaching techniques can reduce the impact of marginalization. It also has the capacity to promote participation of children from different cultures. The outcome of this is the access of children to full curriculum, a feeling of being accepted and included within the classroom and the empowerment that comes from decision-making. Collaborative artmaking makes children equal partners alongside their peers. Therefore, collaborative art-making combined with different kinds of innovative teaching techniques can reduce the experience of marginalization for the students from the marginal group. This method brings the students closer to one another, disintegrates the power structures and helps them see the problems of the others. In other words, collaborative artmaking is a step in the direction of empathetic education. The authors believe that this technique has cross-cultural value and can be replicated in other schools across the globe. This technique has the potential to make the outsiders feel as part of the group without ruining the core values of the classroom. Intercultural and inclusive education: Role of state, teachers and students Despite the popular view that the school are egalitarian spaces, studies have shown that the school space, pedagogy and the curriculum design can be replete with discrimination and exclusion. Cyprus has a special law. According to the provisions of this law, children with special needs should be provided with special education. The authors have explored the different ways in which the multiple stakeholders treat the children in special unit. Many governments all over the world have been involved in intensifying the efforts for integrating children who have special needs in the context of the neighbourhood schools. In Cyprus, the government has shown a proactive approach in integrating special children with the mainstream society. This can be manifested in the Education Act for children who have special needs that outline the statutory framework for the educational needs of children with special needs. Children with special needs have special unit which is a class that exists in a mai nstream school. These special needs cater to the special requirements of the children with special needs. The children for whom the program has been devised and implemented are children with serious problems (Angelides, 2012). Numbers of students who are part of these special units are five per class. The special units in the classroom address the following issues. The ways in which special unit function their programmes, children and staff of the organization, the degree to which their function is in consonance with the ethos of inclusive education and the way in which children feel about their environment. Inclusion is often conflated with the term integration. The term integration refers to the efforts of the able-bodied people for the disabled people according to their standards and the conditions. On the other hand, the term inclusion refers to bringing a marginalized group or individual to the mainstream section of the society (Angelides, Aravi, 2007). It further refers to a collective endeavour to bring an end to discrimination and provide equal opportunities for all the students. The objective of inclusive schools is to establish a system that includes all the students and ensure that everyones needs are met. Scholars have argued that inclusion and exclusion are part of participation and marginalization in the context of race, gender, sexuality, class, unemployment and poverty along with the traditional roles played by the school. Schools help children to attain education and tame their deviant behaviour. In Cyrus, the education system is completely centralized. The Ministry of Education is entrusted with the responsibility of designing, managing and controlling the curriculum, the resources and textbooks that are to be distributed. The Ministry in association with the inspectorate directly exert their control on the school. Teachers are also included in the framework of supervising the special schools (Angelides, Charalambous, Vrasidas, 2004). The p rovision for special school in Cyprus was implemented by in the year 1979. One of the features of this law is that it provisioned that disabled children should be taught in separate schools. However, this law has come under criticism for solely pertaining to the needs of special children. Over the past few years, the government in Cyprus has promoted the spirit of special education. The authors argue that the pervasion of special units and the pattern in which it functions poses challenges for the students (Hajisoteriou Angelides, 2013). Special classes that are targeted for the special children not only keeps them away from socializing in the mainstream society but there is another problem. It leaves room for subjective judgement as well as the possibility of high-handedness. To deal with such situations, the authors propose that the curriculum should be designed that is in conjunction with the curriculum of the mainstream schools. In the Cypriot society, the ideological and the p hilosophical pillars of the new curriculum were published in the year December 2008. According to Angelidas and Hajisoteriou (2013), an educator should listen to the children. Children are important actors and their subjectivity should be tapped in the designing of a curriculum. Studies have shown that children have the potential to act as catalysts in transforming their life chances. Paying attention to the articulations of the children would be helpful in recognizing the factors that pose constraints in the path of inclusion. Research on students understanding of racism will be helpful in understanding the impact of racism on the self-esteem of children. The voices and articulations of children should be taken into account for looking into the school policies and practises for intercultural education. In his study of the intercultural pedagogical practises among the immigrant children in Cyprus, Angelides examines the education policy in the Cyprian context. Angelides contends that interculturalism emphasize on the nature of cultures that represents the duality of commonality and difference in cultures. Interculturalism is premised on the principle of eliminating oppression through empathetic education, promotion of moral consciousness and understanding the experiences of discrimination from the viewpoints of the victims. The MEC (Ministry of Education and Culture) in Cyprus spearheaded ZEP (Zones of Education Policy) with the objective of dealing with functional illiteracy, marginalization present in the school curriculum and the failure of the school in integrating students of the migrant population. The MEC strived to eliminate the monocultural and ethnocentric elements that are present in the Cyprian education. The Ministry was also committed in promoting intercultural ideology that would connect the traditional values of Cyprus with the knowledge from other cultures. It is determined with to eliminate stereotypes from the textbooks and encourage schools to be conducive to the success of students irrespective of the educational background . The aim of schools would be to promote education that upholds the principle of human dignity. A school should be a be a bastion that do not exclude children from the pursuit of education based on their cultural identities. Coming over to the agentic role played by children in the sphere of classroom, children define intercultural classroom spaces as those that promote collaborative learning, learning of different languages and a classroom that is culturally responsive to the diverse population. Immigrant children in Cyprus believe that classroom becomes an important space for spreading awareness about the different identities along with the sharing of intercultural knowledge. The children believed that classroom spaces that celebrates the cultural differences and have porous boundaries would definitely promote interculturalism. The role of the teachers becomes important in promoting the spirit of interculturalism. Teachers in the schools of Cyprus take the upper hand to ease the cultural tensions that may emerge during the interaction between the native students and the immigrant students (Angelides, Stylianou Leigh, 2004). Students sometimes felt alienated in expressing themselves to their peers and such students expect the teachers to play the role of a mediator and help them with the situation. Studying and participating in culturally heterogeneous environment becomes a fodder for better communication nad problem solving. Collaborative learning encourages the native students to understand their immigrant counterparts better and help them with their everyday problems. However, language barrier can pose as a major constraint and therefore, it is important to revise and reformulate policies pertaining to multiculturalism. However, the present intercultural policies have been empowering for the immigrant st udents as they felt they were not mere receivers of knowledge but also had a more substantial role. Angelides argue that teachers should collect feedback from students and listen to their experiences of acculturation. These knowledge would enable the teachers for seeking better ways to promote intercultural education and upheld the principle of inclusion (Hajisoteriou Angelides, 2015). To promote inclusion, children should be placed in groups based on their ethnicity, language, style of interaction and different set of skills possessed by them. Collaborative techniques would reduce prejudice about foreign students and at the same time foster mutually responsive tasks. Teacher should take account of the suggestions of students and promote teamwork. Continuing the discussions on the role of teachers, Angelides, (2014) in his study of the role of teachers found that teachers, who are part of schools that comprises of disabled children, have to exert extra efforts. It is argued by the author, that the government needs to be more supportive in terms of resources for these teachers. Teachers in order to provide quality education should be given adequate support (Angelides, Stylianou Gibbs, 2006). Instead of allocating all responsibilities on a single teacher, more teachers should be appointed to make the task less cumbersome. Teachers should be provided with escort assistants who would cater to the requirements of the special children. The Ministry of Education needs to adopt community-oriented approach that would aid the teachers in providing education to the children with special needs. Learning is a participatory and collaborative process and the role of teachers is quite instrumental in facilitating this mode of education (Ange lides Ainscow, 2000). Multidimensional learning and group-oriented learning would be useful transforming the contemporary nature of education. Angelides and Gibbs, (2006), have found that there is efficiency when teachers work with vignettes. The term vignettes refer to the hypothetical person who comprises of all the characteristics of a real student the teacher would deal with in the future teacher-student interaction. The methodological advantage off using vignettes is that is characterized by communal enquiry and collaborative understanding. It attempts to integrate the various stakeholders in imparting of education like the school, policy makers, academicians and researchers. This method allows the teachers to reflect on their mode of teaching and continuously improvise on it (Evagorou, et al., 2014). Another advantage of using the vignette method by the teachers is that it enables to make a sense of the complexities of the school communities. And engage in better practises th at would develop the organization of the school. Hajisoteriou, Neophytou and Angelides (2015), in their study of the high-level officers attitude towards intercultural education in Cyprus found that they believe in the essence of equality, mutual respect and justice forming the crux of intercultural education. They believe intercultural education upholds the values of human spirit and democracy. Curriculum is understood to be a cultural and social construction. Curriculum designing is representative of the design of spaces of learning. The human agency that is involved in the construction of the curriculum is important to achieve the objectives of the curriculum. The design of the curriculum reveals the politics and social location of the people in charge of the tasks. The authors are of the opinion that autonomy of the teachers should not be the goal of the curriculum but rendering students the autonomy to participate in the decision-making should be the greater objective. There is an imperative to adopt the curriculum as a praxis approach. This approach would question the existing curriculum structure and promote a more ethical and inclusive curriculum structure. Not just countries like Greece but the leading powers of the world like united Kingdom have similar problems in schools. For example, gender, ethnic and class stratification are key issues that plague schools in UK (Angelides, Vrasidas Charalambous, 2007). It is ironical keeping in mind the diverse population of UK and the financial support it receives to improve its education system. It has been identified that the garb of neoliberal policies in United Kingdom exacerbates the exclusion of the ethnic minorities. There is a relationship between the educational attainment of minority children and the factors that impede their educational attainment. The Black students face several kinds of disadvantages and so as the Muslim minorities in UK. Family, lineage of the family, peer group and teachers together play an important role in the educational attainment of the child. Similarly, Muslims are the most vulnerable when it comes to the discrimination and exclusion in education (Faas, Haj isoteriou Angelides, 2014). Right wing and conservative leaders exploit this fear of the citizens and entrench their vote banks. In the wake of the Muslim students who have to bear the burden. They are either looked upon with suspicion due to their distinctive identity or they have to maintain the image of a victim in crisis. cartoon crisis in Denmark, growing fear of terrorism and the islamophobia, it is the minority. According Stalker, (2002), the working class, marginalized immigrant Muslim boys are represented as economic burden to the developed nations and at the same time encroaching on the employment opportunities of the citizens. Therefore, they are perpetually viewed as outsiders who are infringing on the interests of the country. Attempts at making hijab an unacceptable dresscode in schools are some of the attempts to otherize the Muslims and exclude them from the educational sphere. In this light, Irelands stand on hijab in schools underlines an inclusive policy by adopt ing a liberal framework. Studies have shown that peer group support plays a significant role in reducing the effects of exclusion or eliminating exclusion. Tracking system in primary school education and early streaming have been recognized as contributing towards exclusion. Conclusion The above discussion focuses on important issues of inclusive education, interculturalism and marginalization. Inclusive education can be achieved by understanding the dimensions and nuances of the term. The issue of marginalization faced by children is not limited to the context of Cyprus but is also evident in countries like UK and France. Marginalization can lead to a feeling of insecurity, alienation and exclusion from the space of classroom. To reduce the effects of marginalization, inclusive education policy should be the goal. For this, teachers, students, school authority and academicians all need to participate in a collaborative process. There is a need to understand the problems faced by the marginalized students from their perspectives and include them in transforming their condition. It s found that teachers play a crucial role in reducing the implications of marginalization and therefore, they should be sensitized to deal with the situation. Listening to the experiences of the marginalized students and engaging in collaborative artmaking can be important steps in promoting interculturalism and inclusiveness in the educational sphere. References Ainscow, M., Booth, T., Dyson, A. (2006).Improving schools, developing inclusion. Routledge. Angelides, P., Ainscow, M. (2000). Making sense of the role of culture in school improvement.School effectiveness and school improvement,11(2), 145-163. Angelides*, P., Charalambous, C., Vrasidas, C. (2004). Reflections on policy and practice of inclusive education in pre?primary schools in Cyprus.European Journal of Special Needs Education,19(2), 211-223. Angelides, P., Stylianou, T., Leigh, J. (2004). Reflections on Policy and Practice in Multicultural Education in Cyprus.International Journal of Educational Policy, Research, and Practice: Reconceptualizing Childhood Studies,5(2), 61-85. Angelides, P. (2005). The Missing Piece of the Puzzle Called.International Journal of Special Education,20(2), 32-35. Angelides, P., Stylianou, T., Gibbs, P. (2006). Preparing teachers for inclusive education in Cyprus.Teaching and teacher education,22(4), 513-522. Angelides, P., Gibbs, P. (2006). Supporting the continued professional development of teachers through the use of vignettes.Teacher Education Quarterly,33(4), 111-121. Angelides, P., Vrasidas, C., Charalambous, C. (2007). Teachers' Practice as a Marginalization Factor in the Process for Inclusive Education in Cyprus.Journal of the International Association of Special Education,8(1). Angelides, P., Aravi, C. (2007). The development of inclusive practices as a result of the process of integrating deaf/hard of hearing students.European Journal of Special Needs Education,22(1), 63-74. Angelides, P., Michaelidou, A. (2009). Collaborative artmaking for reducing marginalization.Studies in Art Education,51(1), 36-49. Angelides, P. (2012). Forms of leadership that promote inclusive education in Cypriot schools.Educational Management Administration Leadership,40(1), 21-36. Evagorou, M., Albe, V., Angelides, P., Couso, D., Chirlesan, G., Evans, R. H., ... Nielsen, J. A. (2014). Preparing pre-service science teachers to teach socio-scientific (SSI) argumentation.Science Teacher Education,69(39-48). Faas, D., Hajisoteriou, C., Angelides, P. (2014). Intercultural education in Europe: Policies, practices and trends.British Educational Research Journal,40(2), 300-318. Hajisoteriou, C., Angelides, P. (2013). The politics of intercultural education in Cyprus: Policy-making and challenges.Education Inquiry,4(1), 103-123. Hajisoteriou, C., Angelides, P. (2015). Listening to childrens voices on intercultural education policy and practice.International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education,28(1), 112-130. Stalker, P. (2002). Migration trends and migration policy in Europe.International migration,40(5), 151-179.

John Cabot Essays - Age Of Discovery, John Cabot, Navigators

John Cabot John Cabot, an Italian mariner, was born in Genoa, Italy around the year 1450. He worked as a trader in what is now called the Middle East. He moved to England in 1484 with his three sons, Ludovico, Sebastiano, and Sancto and gained experience as a seaman. On his commercial journeys, which took him to the shores of Arabia, he heard of the countries rich in spices that lay to the Far East and wanted to find a better route to the Orient. John Cabot set out to get patents from the monarchs of Spain and Portugal to obtain support for his voyage. However, both turned him down. Finally, King Henry VII granted Cabot and his three sons the right to seek islands and countries of the West, with a small ship named Matthew and a crew of 18 men. So he set sail from Bristol, England in May 2, 1497. Cabot never got to China by sea. Almost two months later, John Cabot discovered the island of Newfoundland on June 24, 1497. This was the first documented voyage to Newfoundland. Many people believe he landed at Cape Bonavista. He thought he had reached a small island off the coast of Asia. On June 26th, Cabot began his return voyage because of bad weather and no food. He returned without any spices or treasure but he received a warm welcome regardless. He did return with mapped out details of the North American coast. He was granted another patent on February 3, 1498, and this allowed him to embark on a second expedition. This was made up of five ships and three hundred men, and set sail some time before July 25, 1498. King Henry VII only granted him one ship but 4 merchants hoping to cash in on a new route to Orient provided the other 4 ships. They first went north, apparently as far as possible; drifting ice forced them to turn. They sailed along the east coast of North America past Newfoundland, which Cabot named Bacallaos, and as far as Cape Hatteras. John Cabot also may have reached the Hudson Bay on his expedition to the North West Passage. Later he also explored the Rio de la Plata region of Brazil for the Spanish. In 15448 he became governor of a joint stock company in England with he negotiated a commercial treaty with Russia. This company, later called The Muscovy Company, was the first major English joint-stock trading company and financed trading expeditions to Russia and Asia. Cabot was paid cash for discovering Newfoundland. He was also given a pension. He only collected that pension once. It is believed he drowned at sea. Nevertheless, his discoveries guarantee John Cabot a place among the greatest discoverers. In fact, they are still celebrating his discoveries. The Cabot Tower was built on Signal Hill in St. John's in 1897. It was built to mark the 400th anniversary of Cabot's discovery.

Battle of Paulus Hook in the American Revolution

Battle of Paulus Hook in the American Revolution Battle of Paulus Hook - Conflict Date: The Battle of Paulus Hook took place on August 19, 1779, during the American Revolution (1775-1783).   Armies Commanders United States Major Henry Light Horse Harry Lee300 men Great Britain Major William Sutherland250 men Battle of Paulus Hook - Background: In the spring of 1776, Brigadier General William Alexander, Lord Stirling directed that a series of fortifications be built along the west bank of the Hudson River opposite New York City.   Among those that were constructed was a fort on Paulus Hook (present-day Jersey City).   That summer, the garrison at Paulus Hook engaged British warships as they arrived to commence General Sir William Howes campaign against New York City.   After General George Washingtons Continental Army suffered a reverse at the Battle of Long Island in August and Howe captured the city in September, American forces withdrew from Paulus Hook.   A short time later, British troops landed to occupy the post.    Situated to control access to northern New Jersey, Paulus Hook sat on a spit of land with water on two sides.   On the landward side, it was protected by a series of salt marshes that flooded at high tide and could only be crossed via a single causeway.   Upon the hook itself, the British built a series of redoubts and earthworks which were centered on an oval casemate containing six guns and a powder magazine.   By 1779, the garrison at Paulus Hook consisted of around 400 men led by  Colonel Abraham Van Buskirk.   Additional support for the posts defense could be summoned from New York through the use of a variety of signals.            Ã‚   Battle of Paulus Hook - Lees Plan: In July 1779, Washington directed Brigadier General Anthony Wayne to mount a raid against the British garrison at Stony Point.   Attacking on night of July 16, Waynes men achieved a stunning success and captured the post.   Taking inspiration from this operation, Major Henry Light Horse Harry Lee approached Washington about making a similar effort against Paulus Hook.   Though initially reluctant due to the posts proximity to New York City, the American commander elected to authorize the attack.   Lees plan called for his force to overwhelm Paulus Hooks garrison at night and then destroy the fortifications before withdrawing at dawn.   To accomplish the mission, he assembled a force of 400 men consisting of 300 from the 16th Virginia under Major John Clark, two companies from Maryland overseen by Captain Levin Handy, and a troop of dismounted dragoons drawn from Captain Allen McLeans rangers.                Battle of Paulus Hook - Moving Out: Departing from New Bridge (River Edge) on the evening of August 18, Lee moved south with the goal of attacking around midnight.   As the strike force covered the fourteen miles to Paulus Hook, problems ensued as a local guide attached to Handys command became lost in the woods delaying the column for three hours.   Additionally, a portion of the Virginians found themselves separated from Lee.   In a stroke of luck, the Americans avoided a column of 130 men led by Van Buskirk that had sortied from the fortifications.   Reaching Paulus Hook after 3:00 AM, Lee ordered Lieutenant Guy Rudolph to reconnoiter for a path across the salt marshes.   Once one was located, he divided his command into two columns for the assault. Battle of Paulus Hook - Bayonet Attack: Moving through the marshes and a canal undetected, the Americans found that their powder and ammunition had become wet.   Ordering his troops to fix bayonets, Lee directed one column to break through the abatis and storm Paulus Hooks outer entrenchments.   Surging forward, his men gained a brief advantage as the sentries initially believed the approaching men were Van Buskirks troops returning.   Swarming into the fortress, the Americans overwhelmed the garrison and forced Major William Sutherland, commanding in the colonels absence, to retreat with a small force of Hessians to a small redoubt.   Having secured the remainder of Paulus Hook, Lee began to assess the situation as dawn was rapidly approaching. Lacking forces to storm the redoubt, Lee planned to burn the fortress barracks.   He quickly abandoned this plan when it was found that they were filled with sick men, women, and children.   Having captured 159 enemy soldiers and achieved a victory, Lee elected to begin withdrawing before British reinforcements arrived from New York.   The plan for this phase of the operation called for his troops to move to Douws Ferry where they would cross the Hackensack River to safety.   Arriving at the ferry, Lee was alarmed to find that required boats were absent.   Lacking other options, he men began marching north over a route similar that used earlier in the night. Battle of Paulus Hook - Withdrawal Aftermath: Reaching Three Pigeons Tavern, Lee reconnected with 50 of the Virginians who had become separated during the movement south.   Possessing dry powder, they were quickly deployed as flankers to protect the column.   Pressing on, Lee soon connected with 200 reinforcements sent south by Stirling.   These men aided in repelling an assault by Van Buskirk a short time later.   Though pursued by Sutherland and reinforcements from New York, Lee and his force safely arrived back at New Bridge around 1:00 PM.   In the attack at Paulus Hook, Lees command suffered 2 killed, 3 wounded, and 7 captured while the British incurred over 30 killed and wounded as well as 159 captured.   Though not large-scale victories, the American successes at Stony Point and Paulus Hook helped convince the British commander in New York, General Sir Henry Clinton, that a decisive triumph could not be obtained in the region.   As a result, he began planning a campaign in the southern colonies for the following year.   In recognition of his achievement, Lee received a gold medal from Congress.   He would later serve with distinction in the South and was the father of noted Confederate commander Robert E. Lee. Selected Sources HistoryNet: Battle of Paulus Hook2nd Virginia Regiment: Battle of Paulus Hook Revolutionary New Jersey: Battle of Paulus Hook

Duramold - Fairchild - Howard Hughes and the Spruce Goose

Duramold - Fairchild - Howard Hughes and the Spruce Goose In the late 1930s, aircraft of composite materials began to appear made of plastic-impregnated wood materials called duramold. The most famous and largest aircraft of duramold construction was the eight-engine Howard Hughes flying boat dubbed the Spruce Goose. Sherman Mills Fairchild According to the Fairchild Corporation, In the mid-1930s, Fairchild pioneered the application of composite structures to airframe design and production - duramold. The adhesive bonding processes and techniques are still followed in the manufacture of composite structures today. Fairchild also developed the first nine-lens mapping camera for the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1936. Duramold Aircraft Spruce Goose The Spruce Goose was not the first airplane to use duramold material. Many small planes had been built using duramold during the early thirties by the Fairchild Aviation. The Spruce Goose was originally conceived by Henry J. Kaiser, a steel maker and builder of Liberty ships. The aircraft was designed, constructed, and engineered by Howard Hughes and his staff. The Spruce Gooses exterior was created with material using the duramold process of laminating plywood and it was the largest plane ever to fly. In 1947, Millionaire Howard Hughes became the first person to pilot the Spruce Goose. Spruce Goose Howard Hughes Becomes The First Person To Fly The Spruce Goose In 1905, Howard Hughes was born in Houston, Texas. Hughes inherited the patent rights to an oil tool drill made by the Hughes Tool Company. A millionaire, Howard Hughes both inherited and made his own money. An adventurous soul, he formed the Hughes Aircraft Corporation and loved to pilot planes and break aviation records. After flying across America, Howard Hughes turned to movie making and formed his own motion picture studio.

Deciphering Quotes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Deciphering Quotes - Assignment Example This eternal failure depresses people. The whole area of morality and justice involves official laws and courts, which can constrain people with more and more detailed prohibitions. Perhaps officialdom brings out the worst in people, and laws which are intended to be helpful are often used as weapons for people to humiliate and punish each other in public, rather than sorting out their differences in an informal discussion. The last statement about industry and profit is a very good one for our present times because it highlights the danger that comes when people build up huge amounts of wealth and possessions. This enrages people who are poor, and encourages them to steal from the rich, because the gap between rich and poor is so extreme. It seems that Lao-tzu recommends a quiet and modest life, in which each person lives by his or her own conscience, looking after self and others in a gentle way, rather than chasing after high ideals or great wealth which do not make people happy. 2 Plato: â€Å"The prison house is the world of sight, the light of the fire is the sun and you will not misapprehend me if you interpret the journey upwards to be the ascent of the soul into the intellectual world according to my poor belief, which at your desire, I have expressed whether rightly or wrongly God knows.† In this quotation Plato explains the true meaning of his famous allegory of the cave. He has just been describing a â€Å"prison house† which is a cave in which human being are chained facing one wall, unable to see each other, or look in any other direction except at the wall in front of them. This makes me think of the way that many people have very fixed ideas about things, and can only see one perspective. In this allegory, however, the intention is not to point out the error of one particular way of thinking, but instead Plato wants us to think about the limitations of human understanding in general. The prisoners can only see shadows which are ref lected on the wall, because they are physically constrained to do so. This is an analogy for the way that human beings are forced to apprehend the world through their physical senses. They see some of the attributes of things in the world around them, but they cannot see others, for example the naked eye cannot see microscopic creatures or distant planets, but these objects do exist. The notion of the â€Å"ascent of the soul into the intellectual world†, which Plato represents as a journey out of the cave and its shadows into the full light and space of the world outside, shows the huge benefit that people gain when they use their mental faculties to complement the partial understanding that they gain from their senses. In a way this journey of the soul is a definition of philosophy, and an encouragement for students of Plato to step outside the purely physical dimension and think about higher things. 3 Aristotle: â€Å"The study of humankind requires awareness of peopleâ⠂¬â„¢s differences of background, education, habit, temperament, and other similar factors.† Aristotle is making a very important point about human nature, which is the great diversity that exists in society. It may be that Aristotle is arguing against the kind of philosophy that generalizes about human beings, as if they were all the same, or as if there is one model of